Jawaharlal Nehru
was born on November.14.1889 at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh to Pandit Mothilal
Nehru and Swaroop Rani.
He was educated at
Harrow Public School, Cambridge and London. He received his Bar at Law from Inner
Temple Inn, London.
He enrolled as an
Advocate and practised at Allahabad High Court (1912 - 1917). He however gave
up his lucrative legal practice and joined Independence Movement.
He was associated
with Home Rule Movement under the leadership Annie Besant and later
Independence Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi (1917 – 1947)
He was Vice
President and Member of External Affairs of Viceroy Executive Council (1946 –
1947) and later the First Prime Minister of India (1947 – 1964).
He died on
May.27.1964 while in office at New Delhi. He was cremated at Shanti Vana on the
banks of River Yamuna.
Independence
Activist
He joined the Independence
movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and actively participated in
the Civil Disobedience Movement, Non Violence Movement, Salt Satyagraha and
Quit India Movement.
He was placed
under house arrest and imprisonment nine times by the British Government during
which time he devoted his time to pen literary masterpieces.
He was elected
General Secretary (1923) and President of Indian National Congress (1931, 1946,
1951 – 1954).
He presided the
Karachi Session where the declaration for Complete Independence or Poorna
Swaraj was proclaimed.
Prime
Minister of India
A socialist, He
served as the first and the longest Prime Minister of India and concurrently Minister
of External Affairs. (1947 – 1964).
National
GeoPolitical –
Reorganization of Indian States, Accession of Pondicherry and Goa.
Development –
National Planning Commission was established for planning and nation building
which successfully implemented the First, Second and Third Five Year
Plans.
Agriculture –
Major Irrigation Dams at Bhakra Nangal Dam, Hirakud Dam, Fertilizers plants at
Sindri and Pimpri.
Industries –
Public Sector Units in Iron & Steel at Bokaro,Durgapur, Bhilai and Rourkela,
Chemicals, Fertilizers, Coal, Oil & Refineries Power and Heavy Industries
rightly described by him as ‘Temples of Modern India’
Education – All
India Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian
Institutes of Management.
Science and
Technology – National Research Laboratories, Atomic Energy Commission and Space
Research Commission.
Arts and Culture –
National Academy of Letters, Arts, Music and Dance.
International
He as the first
Minister of External Affairs shaped the foreign policy of India based on the
principles of peaceful and mutual coexistence.
He organized socio
political conferences and meetings which helped in the attainment of
independence of several Afro Asian Nations.
He along with
Joseph Broz Tito of Yugoslavia and Abdul Gemal Nasser of Egypt founded the Non
Aligned Movement based on his Panch Sheel Principles in 1956.
He campaigned for
Global Peace, Non violence, Development and Disarmament at United Nations
General Assembly, Commonwealth Movement & Non Aligned Movement.
Awards
The Government of
India conferred on him the Bharat Ratna in 1955.
Doctorates
He received Honorary
Doctorates from the Universities of Howard, Waseda, Lucknow ,Mysore, Osmania.
Titles
He was addressed
as Chacha Nehru or Uncle Nehru for his fondness of Children and Raja of Roja
for his flair of adoring rose flowers on his coat.
Publications
He published his An Autobiography –
Towards Freedom, Discovery of India, Glimpses of World history. Letters from a
Father to His Daughter.
His world re known speech on August
15, 1947 at the Parliament House, New Delhi on the eve of declaration of Independence
of India is titled ‘ A Tryst with Destiny’.
He was the Chairman of Board of Directors and Editor of National Herald Newspapers,
Lucknow (1938 – 1947)
He edited the
newspapers Independent and National Herald
He was the First President of Sahitya
Akademi or National Academy of Letters of India (1954 – 1964) and President of
Indian Poets, Essayists and Novelists.
Resources
NATIONAL
CHILDRENS DAY
The birth
anniversary of Jawaharlal Nehru is observed annually as National Children’s Day
. The Department of Posts, Government of India has been issuing commemorative
postage stamps on children themes on this day every year since 1957.
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